--- title: "Hono vs Express vs Fastify vs Elysia for a TypeScript API" description: "Choose Hono, Express, Fastify, or Elysia by runtime, request model, validation style, and middleware ecosystem, with a Better Fullstack command for each." date: 2026-10-06 authors: - Ibrahim Elkamali image: /search-media/stack-decisions-1200x630.png video: /search-media/stack-decisions-1200x630.mp4 translationStatus: pending tags: - hono - express - fastify - elysia - backend keywords: - hono vs express - fastify vs express - elysia vs hono - typescript backend framework comparison - hono express fastify elysia --- ![Stack decision map: choose an ecosystem, generate, inspect, and keep the code](/search-media/stack-decisions-1200x630.png) Hono, Express, Fastify, and Elysia all route HTTP requests to TypeScript handlers. The useful comparison is not a feature count. It is where the server runs, which request model your code and middleware expect, and how much the framework should own validation and typing. Settle one question first: does the project need a separate API server? If the web app is the only client, a framework-owned backend may be simpler. [Self backend vs separate API](/blog/self-backend-vs-separate-api/) covers that decision. The rest of this post assumes a separate server. ## Runtime and deployment come first Each framework describes a different home: - **Hono** is [built on Web Standards](https://hono.dev/docs/) and lists Cloudflare Workers, Fastly Compute, Deno, Bun, Vercel, Netlify, AWS Lambda, and Node.js (through an adapter) as targets. - **Express** is a [minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework](https://expressjs.com/). - **Fastify** is a [low overhead web framework for Node.js](https://fastify.dev/docs/latest/). - **Elysia** is an [ergonomic web framework for building backend servers with Bun](https://elysiajs.com/at-glance.html). Its docs also describe support for Node.js, Deno, Cloudflare Workers, and other runtimes through WinterTC compliance. If the target is an edge or serverless platform that speaks the Fetch API, Hono and Elysia start closer to it. If the target is a long-running Node.js process, all four fit, and Express and Fastify are built for exactly that. ## Request model Hono and Elysia handlers work with Web Standard `Request` and `Response` objects. Express uses Node's request and response objects with the `(req, res, next)` [middleware signature](https://expressjs.com/en/guide/writing-middleware.html). Fastify has its own request and reply objects. This affects every library that touches the request: auth handlers, RPC adapters, file uploads, and logging. A library written for the Fetch API plugs into Hono or Elysia directly and needs a bridge on Express or Fastify, and the reverse holds for Node-style middleware. ## Validation and typing model - **Hono** pairs its validator with the `hc` client for [RPC-style typed calls](https://hono.dev/docs/) between server and client. - **Express** leaves validation to whatever middleware you add. Since Express 5, a rejected promise in middleware is passed to `next`, so async errors reach your error handler without manual wrapping. - **Fastify** uses a schema-based approach: [JSON Schema with Ajv for request validation and fast-json-stringify for response serialization](https://fastify.dev/docs/latest/Reference/Validation-and-Serialization/). - **Elysia** infers types from its own `Elysia.t` schema builder, accepts Standard Schema libraries such as Zod and Valibot, and provides the Eden client for end-to-end types. Its [OpenAPI plugin](https://elysiajs.com/plugins/openapi), installed as `@elysia/openapi`, generates OpenAPI documentation from route schemas and, through its `fromTypes` generator, from TypeScript types. The Elysia server generated by the `--api orpc` command below does not include that plugin and serves oRPC's own OpenAPI reference at `/api-reference` instead. With `--api openapi`, Better Fullstack adds the plugin from the `@elysiajs/openapi` package and serves the documentation at `/docs`. If an RPC layer such as oRPC or tRPC will own the typed contract, the framework's own typing features matter less. Better Fullstack generates that arrangement, described below. ## Middleware and plugin model Express's ecosystem is built on the middleware chain. Fastify organizes features as plugins inside [encapsulation contexts](https://fastify.dev/docs/latest/Reference/Encapsulation/): each context inherits from its parents, and parents cannot reach into their children unless encapsulation is deliberately broken. Hono registers middleware with `app.use`, and Elysia composes plugins with `.use` on the app instance. Check the specific packages you depend on. A team with years of Express middleware has a concrete reason to stay on Express. ## What Better Fullstack generates The four commands below share every flag except backend and runtime: ```bash bun create better-fullstack@latest my-app \ --ecosystem typescript \ --frontend tanstack-router \ --backend hono \ --runtime bun \ --database sqlite \ --orm drizzle \ --api orpc \ --auth better-auth ``` ```bash bun create better-fullstack@latest my-app \ --ecosystem typescript \ --frontend tanstack-router \ --backend express \ --runtime node \ --database sqlite \ --orm drizzle \ --api orpc \ --auth better-auth ``` ```bash bun create better-fullstack@latest my-app \ --ecosystem typescript \ --frontend tanstack-router \ --backend fastify \ --runtime node \ --database sqlite \ --orm drizzle \ --api orpc \ --auth better-auth ``` ```bash bun create better-fullstack@latest my-app \ --ecosystem typescript \ --frontend tanstack-router \ --backend elysia \ --runtime bun \ --database sqlite \ --orm drizzle \ --api orpc \ --auth better-auth ``` The oRPC procedures and router in `packages/api` are identical across all four. Only `packages/api/src/context.ts` adapts to the framework's request object, and the Express version converts Node headers to Web `Headers` before reading the Better Auth session. The server entry in `apps/server/src/index.ts` is where the frameworks differ: | Concern | Hono | Express | Fastify | Elysia | | ------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | | oRPC adapter | `@orpc/server/fetch` | `@orpc/server/node` | `@orpc/server/fastify` | `@orpc/server/fetch` | | Better Auth mount | `auth.handler(c.req.raw)` | `toNodeHandler(auth)` | handler that builds a Web `Request` | `auth.handler(request)` | | CORS | `hono/cors` | `cors` | `@fastify/cors` | `@elysiajs/cors` | | Dev script | `bun run --hot` | `tsx watch` | `tsx watch` | `bun run --hot` | The Fastify server registers the oRPC routes inside their own plugin with a content type parser that leaves body parsing to oRPC, and it enables Fastify's logger. Hono is the only backend Better Fullstack accepts for the Cloudflare Workers runtime. This command keeps the same Hono server code and adds `packages/infra/alchemy.run.ts`, which declares a Worker and a D1 database with Alchemy: ```bash bun create better-fullstack@latest my-app \ --ecosystem typescript \ --frontend tanstack-router \ --backend hono \ --runtime workers \ --database sqlite \ --orm drizzle \ --db-setup d1 \ --server-deploy cloudflare \ --api orpc \ --auth better-auth ``` These commands produce generated projects. They do not prove that a given deployment target runs them; install, build, and deploy a small slice to the host you plan to use. ## Decision table | If this is the stronger constraint | Start with | | --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | | Cloudflare Workers or several Fetch-based runtimes | Hono | | Existing Express middleware and team experience | Express | | Node.js service with schema validation and plugin scopes | Fastify | | Bun-first service using Elysia's types and Eden | Elysia | | An RPC layer owns the typed contract | Any of the four; choose by runtime | | The web app is the only client | Consider a framework-owned backend | ## Compare real generated stacks - [TanStack Router + Hono + oRPC + Drizzle](/stack/tanstack-router-hono-orpc-drizzle) - [SvelteKit + Elysia + Drizzle](/stack/sveltekit-elysia-drizzle) - [Angular + Express + Prisma](/stack/angular-express-prisma) For the API layer on top of any of these servers, read [tRPC vs oRPC](/blog/trpc-vs-orpc/).